隨著臺灣人口結構快速老化、醫護人力不足、醫療資源分布不均，形成醫療照護沉重的負擔，進而影響到醫療品質，偏鄉地區的民眾就醫可及性也降低。依需求特質將醫療服務分為醫療、緊急醫療兩類，緊急醫療服務包含現場急救、包紮、運輸患者等，本研究主要以運輸患者的救護車為研究重點，瞭解典型的偏鄉地區臺東縣緊急醫療資源分布是否平均、瞭解臺東縣緊急救護案件發生地點、運用地理資訊系統之空間分析，探討臺東縣緊急醫療資源的空間可及性。
本研究使用地理資訊系統工具運算最短旅行時間，利用兩階段流動搜尋法與三階段流動搜尋法計算空間可及性，並使用吉尼係數和羅倫茲曲線表示空間不公平指數與緊急醫療資源分配是否公平。臺東縣空間不公平指數為0.4440（兩階段流動搜尋法）、0.4405（三階段流動搜尋法），數值越接近零代表救護車資源分布越平均，羅倫茲曲線越接近對角線表示救護車資源分布越平均。
研究結果顯示臺東縣緊急醫療資源空間可及性最佳的前三名為關山鎮、臺東市、東河鄉，緊急醫療資源空間可及性最差的後三名為海端鄉、長濱鄉、卑南鄉。根據本研究重新配置白天及晚上的救護車位置後，臺東縣救護車空間不公平指數由0.24降為0.19，代表調整後比調整前的救護車資源分布的更平均，符合當地民眾的緊急醫療需求。

With the rapid aging of Taiwan's population structure, inadequate medical care manpower and uneven distribution of medical resources, the Taiwan’s medical care burden has increased, which has affected the quality of medical care and the accessibility of people to medical treatment in rural areas. According to the characteristics of demand, medical service can be divided into two categories: medical service and emergency medical service. Emergency medical service includes on-site first aid, bandaging, and transportation of patients. This study focuses on ambulances to transport patients, to understand whether the distribution of emergency medical resources in typical rural areas of Taitung County is average, to understand the location of emergency rescue cases in Taitung County, and to use the space of geographic information system to explore the spatial accessibility of emergency medical resources in Taitung County.
In this study, GIS tools were used to calculate the shortest travel time, two-step floating catchment area（2SFCA） and three-step floating catchment area（3SFCA） were used to calculate the spatial accessibility, and Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve were used to express the spatial inequality index and the fairness of emergency medical resource allocation. Taitung County spatial inequality index is 0.4440 （2SFCA） and 0.4405 （3SFCA）. The closer the value is to zero, the more average the distribution of ambulance resources is. The closer the Lorenz curve is to the diagonal, the more average the distribution of ambulance resources is.
The results show that the first three places with the best spatial accessibility of emergency medical resources are Guanshan Town, Taitung city and Donghe Township, and the last three places with the worst spatial accessibility are Haiduan Township, Changbin Township and Beinan Township. According to this study, the spatial inequality index of ambulances in Taitung County decreased from 0.24 to 0.19 after relocation of ambulances in the daytime and at night, which means that after adjustment, the distribution of ambulances resources is more average than before, which meets the emergency medical needs of local people.

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background and motivation 1
1.1.1 The Medical Status of Taiwan 1
1.1.2 The Scope of Emergency Medical Care 3
1.1.3 Emergency Time 4
1.1.4 Summary 6
1.2 Research Purpose 7
1.2.1 Understand Whether The Distribution of Emergency Medical Resources in Taitung County is Even 7
1.2.2 Understand The Location of The Emergency Rescue Case in Taitung County 8
1.2.3 The Use of GIS Space to Analyze The Spatial Accessibility of Emergency Medical Resources in Taitung County 10
1.3 Research Range 11
Chapter 2 Literature Review 15
2.1 Section I Medical Services Resources 15
2.1.1 According to The Characteristics of Demand: It Can be Divided into Two Categories Which is Medical Treatment and Emergency Medical Treatment 15
2.1.2 According to The Characteristics of The Institution: Hospitals, Clinics, Other Medical Institutions 15
2.1.3 According to The Level of Medical Resources: Medical Centers, Regional Hospitals, Regional Hospitals, Primary Clinics Four Levels 16
2.1.4 According to The Ambulance Management Unit: Fire Department 119 Ambulances, Civilian Ambulances 17
2.1.5 According to the type of injury: non-trauma category, trauma category 18
2.2 The Allocation of Ambulance Resources 20
2.3 Rural Area 23
2.4 Accessibility Theory 25
2.5 Accessibility Assessment 26
Chapter 3 Research Methods 31
3.1 Research architecture 31
3.2 Research Subjects 33
3.2.1 Research Data Collection 33
3.2.2 The Application of Research Materials 34
3.3 Data analysis methods 35
3.3.1 Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) 35
3.3.2 Three-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) 36
Chapter 4 Research and Strategy Analysis 39
4.1 Ambulance accessibility of emergency medical resources 39
4.2 Section of Emergency Rescue Case Data Analysis 45
4.3 Reconfiguration of ambulance resources 49
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Suggestion 54
5.1 Research Conclusions 54
5.1.1 Understand Whether The Distribution of Emergency Medical Resources in Taitung County is Even 55
5.1.2 Understand The Location of The Emergency Rescue Case in Taitung County 55
5.1.3 Use of GIS Space to Analyze The Spatial Accessibility of Emergency Medical Resources in Taitung County 56
5.2 Research recommendations 57
References 58
Appendix I Fire fighting rescue table 61

Chinese Part
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English Part
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Internet Part
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