全球人口持續增加，糧食供應的產量無法負荷人口成長的速度，為了解決糧食不足的問題而開始使用農藥，農藥的使用能有效地提升種植效率，但長期地使用農藥對於環境生態與人體健康有安全的疑慮。近年來農藥對健康的影響備受關注，各國也開始訂定相關法規來規範農藥的使用。這些農藥一旦進入人體，將會在尿液中代謝排出，這些代謝物可用於農藥暴露的生物監測，本論文的研究包含常見六種有機磷農藥代謝物 :Dimethylphosphate, DMP、Dimethylthiophosphate, DMTP、Dimethyldithiophosphate, DMDTP、Diethylphosphate, DEP、Diethylthiophosphate, DETP、Diethyldithiophosphate, DEDTP ，與兩種類除蟲菊精類農藥代謝物:3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3-PBA、3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecar boxylic acid, DCCA)，之檢測與鑑定，首先我們計算出待測物之前驅物離子的分子量，以離子阱 ( Ion Trap) 分析器鑑定，根據所觀察到的質譜圖 (Mass Spectrum) 推測出其機制是否正確，並與其他文獻所觀測的結果進行比較，由於受1/3原理影響，在使用離子阱質量分析器做碰撞誘導解離時，當產物離子荷質比 (m/z) 小於前驅物離子荷質比(m/z) 1/3 時，無法被觀測，若分析物產生的碎片離子小於前驅物離子質量的1/3時，改由前驅物離子的同位素 (Isotope) 來判斷。本實驗使用離子阱質譜儀，鑑定10種常見農藥代謝物，藉由觀察碎片離子，推測出其機制並與其他質量分析器比對，可以獲得相同檢測結果。

壹、 緒論 1
1、農藥 (Pesticide) 1
1.1簡介 1
1.2、有機磷農藥 (Organophosphate Pesticide) 2
1.3、除蟲菊精類農藥 (Pyrethrin) 6
2、有機磷農藥與類除蟲菊精農藥引起的健康問題 7
3、農藥代謝物檢測儀器及檢測方法 8
3.1、電子捕獲檢測器 (Electron Capture Detector, ECD) 9
3.2、火焰光度計 (Flame Photometric Detector, FPD) 10
3.3、核磁共振儀 (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance , NMR) 11
3.4、質譜法 12
3.4.1、電子游離法 (Electron Ionization, EI ) 13
3.4.2、大氣壓化學游離法 (Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization, APCI) 14
3.4.3、電噴灑游離法 (Electrospray Ionization, ESI) 16
3.4.4、碰撞誘導解離 (Collision-induced dissociation, CID) 17
3.4.5、串聯質譜掃描分析模式 18
3.4.6、四極柱離子阱質量分析器 (Quadrupole Ion-Trap) 20
3.4.7、三段四極柱質量分析器 (Triple-Quadrupole, QqQ) 21
4、研究動機 22
貳、研究內容 23
1、實驗儀器與藥品 23
1.1、儀器設備 23
1.2、藥品 23
1.3、儀器參數 24
2、實驗步驟 25
參、結果與討論 26
3.1、3-苯氧基苯甲酸 (3-phenoxybenzoic acid , 3-PBA) 26
3.2、3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基環丙烷甲酸 (3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid , DCCA) 28
3.3、3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇 (3,5,6,-trichloro-2-pyridinol , 3,5,6-TCPy) 30
3.4、4-硝基苯酚(Nitrophenol, PNP) 31
3.6、二甲基硫代磷酸酯 (Dimethylthiophosphate , DMTP) 37
3.7、二甲基二硫代磷酸酯 (Dimethyldithiophosphate , DMDTP) 40
3.8、磷酸二乙酯 (Diethylphosphate, DEP) 43
3.9、二乙基硫代磷酸酯 (Diethylthiophosphate , DETP) 45
3.10、二乙基二硫代磷酸酯 (Diethyldithiophosphate , DEDTP) 49
肆、結論 54
伍、參考文獻 55

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